MakeTime¶

Overview¶

The MakeTime expression creates a time value from separate hour, minute, and second components. It constructs a time of day by combining integer hour and minute values with a decimal seconds value that can include microsecond precision.

Syntax¶

make_time(hours, minutes, seconds)

Arguments¶

Argument	Type	Description
hours	IntegerType	The hour component (0-23)
minutes	IntegerType	The minute component (0-59)
secsAndMicros	DecimalType(16, 6)	The seconds component with microsecond precision (0-59.999999)

Return Type¶

Returns TimeType with microsecond precision (TimeType.MICROS_PRECISION).

Supported Data Types¶

Hours: Integer types that can be cast to IntegerType
Minutes: Integer types that can be cast to IntegerType
Seconds: Numeric types that can be cast to DecimalType(16, 6)

Algorithm¶

Accepts three input parameters representing time components
Delegates the actual time construction to DateTimeUtils.makeTime method via StaticInvoke
Uses DecimalType(16, 6) for seconds to preserve microsecond precision without losing fractional components
Performs implicit casting of inputs to match the required types (IntegerType, IntegerType, DecimalType(16, 6))
Returns a time value with microsecond-level precision

Partitioning Behavior¶

This expression preserves partitioning behavior:

Does not require shuffle operations
Can be evaluated independently per partition
Does not affect data distribution or partitioning scheme

Edge Cases¶

Null handling: If any input parameter is NULL, the result is NULL
Invalid time components: Behavior depends on the underlying DateTimeUtils.makeTime implementation for out-of-range values
Precision handling: The DecimalType(16, 6) ensures microsecond precision is maintained for the seconds component
Type casting: Integer seconds values are safely cast to decimal without precision loss due to the wide decimal type used

Code Generation¶

This expression uses StaticInvoke for code generation, which means it generates efficient bytecode that directly calls the DateTimeUtils.makeTime method rather than using interpreted evaluation.

Examples¶

-- Create a time for 14:30:45.123456
SELECT make_time(14, 30, 45.123456);

-- Create midnight
SELECT make_time(0, 0, 0);

-- Create a time with microsecond precision
SELECT make_time(23, 59, 59.999999);

// Example DataFrame API usage
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

df.select(expr("make_time(14, 30, 45.123456)"))

// Using column references
df.select(expr("make_time(hour_col, minute_col, second_col)"))